The Key role of Annexin A2 and Plasmin in COVID -19 pathophysiology clinical presentation and outcomes - A Review
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Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a defining global health crisis with an exceptionally high rate of transmission causing significant morbidity and mortality.
Recent studies have reported patients presenting with coagulation disorders and thrombo-embolic disease later testing positive for the coronavirus.
In this article, we have discussed the recent trend in symptomatology of COVID-19 including microvascular thrombosis and the potential key role of proteins such as Annexin A2, plasmin, ACE-2 receptors and ENaC channels in the disease pathophysiology.
The interactions between these molecules and the viral proteins might play a role in thrombo-embolic presentation of the disease and explain the selective morbidity in patients with co-morbid conditions.
A diagrammatic working model has also been proposed that shall assist readers in understanding these key bio-molecular interactions influencing the probable pathophysiology at the cellular-receptor level.
This article shall also shed some light on the genetic polymorphisms in ACE-2 receptors and Annexin A2 suggesting a possibility of extensive diversity in clinical presentation and disease severity across the globe.
Evidence-based studies might guide in identifying potential therapies and treatment options for COVID-19.
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