Sepsis and precision medicine a new challenge
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Abstract
Sepsis is defined as Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) caused by an infectious agent; it involves millions of individuals yearly and it is classified as an emerging health problem.
The therapeutic focus has mainly been on early diagnosis, appropriateness of anti-infective treatment, early resuscitation and support intervention for organ failure. Despite undeniable progress, mortality remains unacceptably high.
In the era of precision medicine, the hypothesis that the lack of “personalization” of therapeutic management is the basis of clinical failures is increasingly gaining ground.
Progress towards greater clinical effectiveness in the management of sepsis passes through the implementation of precision medicine, capable of individualizing treatment based on the combination of the clinical phenotype and the immunological profile.
The application of new “omics” technologies (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics and microbiomics) has brought further information on the pathophysiological complexity of sepsis.
The step still to be taken is therefore to integrate the knowledge obtained from these multi-omics approaches into clinical management to identify new diagnostic targets or effective therapeutic strategies, with the aim of treating the individual patient in a personalized way based on the etiological agent, and the specific immune response, in different clinical settings.
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