Emotrasfusioni e virus trasmissibili
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Abstract
Gli autori presentano i principali virus trasmissibili per trasfusione di sangue quali i virus dell’immunodeficienza umana (HIV1-2) e i virus dell’epatite B e C (rispettivamente HBV e HCV).
La recente introduzione della metodologia della leucodeplezione ha apportato un importante contributo nella riduzione della quota di trasmissione di virus leucotropi come citomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein- Virus Barr (EBV), herpesvirus umani, virus della leucemia a cellule T umane (HTLV 1-2).
I progressi nella biologia molecolare hanno permesso di evidenziare che altri virus, considerati patogeni meno importanti quali i virus dell’epatite A e G (HAV, HGV), il Parvovirus umano B19, il Reovirus type 3 e il virus della Pseudorabbia possono essere trasmessi ai riceventi. Inoltre i virus emergenti con potenziale rischio zoonotico potrebbero svolgere un ruolo non marginale nella diffusione di infezione.
Molta attenzione viene oggi prestata alle patologie dovute ai virus emergenti quali quello dell’epatite E (HEV), gli hantavirus, il virus West Nile Disease ed il virus della febbre emorragica di Crimea-Congo.
Gli autori hanno seguito le procedure di validazione in linea con le norme europee della Agenzia Europea dei Farmaci (EMA).
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